Recently, it was found that Late Pleistocene mammoths (Mammuthus primigenius) from the North Sea have an unusually high incidence of abnormal cervical vertebral numbers, approximately ten times higher than that of extant elephants. Changes of this number are associated with major congenital abnormalities (pleiotropic effects) that are, at least in humans, strongly selected against. Mammals as a rule have seven cervical vertebrae, a number that remains remarkably constant. High incidence of cervical ribs indicates vulnerable condition in Late Pleistocene woolly rhinoceroses This study is of particular importance for clinicians, as early identification of cervical ribs may prevent life-threatening complications. Cervical ribs have clinical implications that are generally divided into neurological or vascular. The incidence of cervical ribs has been found to vary from 0.58% in Malaysian population to 6.2% in Turkish population. The aim of this paper is to review the newest literature concerning the morphology, embryology, clinical image, and therapeutic methods of the cervical ribs in the humans.
SpadliÅ„ski, Åukasz Cecot, Tomasz Majos, Agata StefaÅ„czyk, Ludomir Pietruszewska, Wioletta Wysiadecki, Grzegorz Topol, MirosÅ‚awĪ familiarity with the anatomy of some types of bone anomalies is necessary for clinicians involved in many medical areas. The Epidemiological, Morphological, and Clinical Aspects of the Cervical Ribs in Humans Together, the high incidence of cervical ribs and also their co-occurrence with rudimentary or absent 12th ribs suggests that there may have been a disturbance of early development such that the studied fetuses are
This suggests that the expression of multiple Hox genes may have been affected in these fetuses. The co-occurrence of rudimentary or absent 12th ribs in 23.6% of the cases with cervical ribs indicates that in approximately 8% of the fetuses a homeotic shift occurred over a larger part of the vertebral column. Anomalies of the axial skeleton are known to be caused by a disturbance of early development, which alters Hox gene expression, but in this study the origin of the stress could not be verified as maternal medical data were not available. Additionally, studies in the literature suggest that the size of a cervical rib may indicate the severity of abnormalities, but this possibility requires further research. This unexpected result can probably in part be explained by a higher detection rate of small cervical ribs when using alizarin red staining instead of radiographs. A literature overview indicates that the observed frequency of cervical ribs is comparable to results previously obtained for deceased fetuses with no or minor congenital anomalies, and higher than expected for healthy fetuses. Results show that approximately 40% of the fetuses had cervical ribs, even though external congenital abnormalities such as craniofacial and limb defects were absent.
#Travell and simons slipped rib series
We therefore analyzed the presence of skeletal anomalies in a series of 199 electively aborted fetuses, which were whole-mount stained with alizarin red specific for skeletal tissues. However, the frequency of cervical ribs in a putatively healthy fetal population is not sufficiently known to assess the actual medical risks of these prenatal findings.
In humans, an increasing body of evidence has linked the frequency of cervical ribs to stillbirths, other malformations and early childhood cancers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported instance of this particular association.Īnalysis of cervical ribs in a series of human fetusesīots, Jessica Wijnaendts, Liliane C D Delen, Sofie Van Dongen, Stefan Heikinheimo, Kristiina Galis, Frietson There was no additional skeletal abnormality except for fusion of the C3 and C4 vertebral bodies. Haktanir, Alpay DeÄŸirmenci, Bumin Albayrak, Ramazan Acar, Murat Yucel, AylinĪ patient with Klippel-Feil syndrome reported with a pneumatocyst of the proximal epiphysis of a right cervical rib. Klippel-Feil syndrome associated with pneumatocyst of the right cervical rib.
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